Background: Memory is the ability to recall past experiences or information. Women generally experience better episodic memory, especially verbal memory, throughout their lifespan compared to men. However, women may also have a steeper age-related decline in memory after a certain age, possibly due to factors like brain atrophy or the presence of APOE-ɛ4 allele. Music plays an important role in the life of people, regardless of their age. It is used for recreation. Listening to music is associated with strong emotional feelings. It activates the limbic system, which is involved in the processing of emotions and in controlling memory. Music has high impact on our mental health. It improves the mood, mental alertness and memory. Music reduces depression, anxiety and stress levels. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of music on short term memory in elderly female individuals. Methodology: It is a quasi-experimental study conducted at Poonimaangadu village, near Tirutani. 30 elderly female individuals in the age group of 60-70 years were recruited for the study. Then textual memory task was conducted for the participants before and after listening to music. Final scores were calculated. Twenty-four hours later, visual memory task was conducted before and after listening to music. Final scores were calculated. The statistical analysis of the collected data was done. Results: There is a significant increase in textual memory task score (7.2 ± 1.01) and visual memory task score (12.3 ± 1.3) after listening to music in elderly female individuals compared to scores before listening to music (textual memory score: 5.2 ± 1.08 & visual memory score: 7.1 ± 1.7). Conclusion: Our study concludes that, there is a significant beneficial effect of music on memory which may be utilized as a simple, non-invasive, cost effective, preventive and therapeutic tool in age related decline in memory and other disorders leading to dementia.

Background: Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) introduces first-year MBBS students to clinical environments, enhancing their understanding of pre-clinical subjects through real-world application. Aim: To explore faculty perspectives on the implementation of ECE for I-MBBS students in a tertiary care medical institution. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions among 40 faculty members from preclinical, paraclinical, and clinical departments. Participants were grouped by department and engaged in sessions lasting 60–90 minutes. Thematic content analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarke's six-phase approach. Results: Four key themes emerged: general perspectives on ECE, faculty preparedness, human resource requirements, and time constraints. While most preclinical faculty supported ECE, others cited challenges such as lack of training, insufficient staffing, and limited time allocation for ECE activities. Conclusion: Faculty acknowledged the value of ECE in aligning basic sciences with clinical relevance. However, successful implementation requires enhanced faculty development programs, resource allocation, and curriculum planning.

Background: The prevalence of chronic and frequent headache in general population is around 4% worldwide. Physical disorders, which are characterized by recurrent headache, are associated with personal and societal burdens of pain, disability, decreased quality of life, and financial burden. This vulnerable group of patients are often overlooked among the wide range of patients attending the outpatient department. Identifying and analysing patients with headache is difficult but essential in studying the wide spectrum of this disease. This study aims to highlight the factors responsible for headache which may be a symptom that reveals a serious underlying disorder. Aim: To assess the clinical profile of headache in patients attending a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Medicine Outpatient Department of Government medical college after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance, involving 100 patients of both gender attending the headache clinic of Department of general medicine (OP& IP), of Government Medical college and Hospital. A detailed history and physical examination including that of central nervous system, ophthalmic and ENT examination was done for all patients. The data was recorded and analysed. Results: The distribution of patients in different age groups were ≤20 years is 7%, 31 to 40 years is 17%, 41-50 years is 14%, 51-60 years is 10% and ≥60 years is 10%. In the present study, among the primary headache types, the prevalence of migraine headache was 41.6% and that of tension type headache was 58.4%. The common triggering factors for migraine with/without aura were fasting, stress, menstruation, inadequate sleep, and hunger. Occurrence of migraine may be influenced by menstruation, pregnancy, and hormonal therapies in females. Nausea, vomiting, photo-phonophobia, and neck pain were the most common accompanying symptoms in headache patients in our study. Most of the study participants had a history of addiction to pan (betel). Conclusion: The study showed higher rates of headache in females than male patients and primary headache being more common than secondary headache. Severity of symptoms in primary headaches, especially migraine, can be prevented by proper prophylaxis.

Background: Elevated serum uric acid levels are associated with hypertension, heart failure, Diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, stroke, chronic kidney disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Because of this mutual relationship between uric acid and other cardio vascular risk factors, serum uric acid may have an independent role in the development of coronary artery disease. The potential relationship between the uric acid and coronary artery disease remains a topic of controversy for many years. Aim: To estimate and compare serum uric acid levels among acute ST Elevation Myocardial infarction (STEMI) in-patients and healthy individuals. Materials and methods: After receiving approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee, the study was conducted among 40 patients with Acute STEMI ranging over an age group of 28-80 years diagnosed by Electrocardiograph and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls attending the master health check-up department. Blood samples were taken on the day of admission. Serum uric acid levels were assessed according to the standard procedure uricase PAP method. Results: Mean serum uric acid level was higher significantly in those with Acute STEMI (7.12 ± 1.8) than in the control group (5.72 ± 1.3 mg/dl: P=0.05) Conclusion: Serum uric acid levels were found to be elevated in acute STEMI patients compared to normal controls in our study. Elevated Serum uric acid may have a definite role in various pathologic processes such as increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunctions, and inflammation leading to coronary artery disease.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic primarily affected the respiratory system, but cardiovascular complications including autonomic dysfunction were increasingly recognized. Heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive measure of autonomic function, reflects the sympathovagal balance and provides an early warning of cytokine storms and impending cardiovascular complications. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between COVID-19 clinical severity and HRV, and to examine the correlation between HRV and inflammatory markers. Methods: In this hospital-based case-control study 164 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients and 43 age and gender-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Their clinical profiles, inflammatory markers were noted on admission and their HRV parameters (time and frequency domains) were evaluated using 5-minute ambulatory ECG recordings. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between HRV and clinical severity; ANOVA was used for post hoc comparisons across groups. Results: Among the 164 COVID-19 patients, 44% had mild or no symptoms, while 56% had moderate to severe infection. Co morbid conditions were present in 62.8%, with diabetes being the most common (43.9%). HRV parameters—including HF, LF, LF/HF ratio, and PNN50 were significantly associated with disease severity in both logistic regression models (p < 0.05). Weak correlations were observed between HRV (SDNN) and inflammatory markers such as D-Dimer, LDH, IL-6, and CRP. Conclusion: This study confirmed the presence of autonomic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, with more pronounced dysfunction observed in those with greater clinical severity. Heart rate variability serve as a valuable early indicator of COVID-19 severity and progression